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The History of the Graphical User Interface


1980          Apple was the innovator and originator of the Graphical User Interface

1981          Microsoft cloned the Apple interface for its Windows Application.

                 Windows was originally an application that was resident on top of  the    DOS Operating system.

1984          Microsoft signed an agreement with IBM that Windows would become a part of

                  every DOS operating sytem installed on all IBM pc’s    (a very dark day within IBM- - -)

1985          Court case between Apple and Microsoft over whether or not the Apple GUI was proprietary.

                    Court’s ruled in favor of Microsoft.  The land mark decision was that all that was proprietary

                    in the graphical interface was the Apple Trash can . . .  (a very dark day for Apple - - -)

1986          IBM begins work on the development of OS/2  and OS/2 Warp.  Intent was to remove

                   MS Windows from all future operating systems.    Bill Lowe leaves IBM and starts work

                   on pc development at Xerox.

1987          IBM implements Systems Application Architecture.  This was the strategic direction for

                    all operating systems and  application interfaces  for all IBM systems.

1987         IBM publishes Common User Access (CUA) across all of its platforms;  mainframe,
                  mid-size and PC based applications.     The SAA CUA Advanced  Interface Design Guide
                   is the precursor to ISO 9241.    And this is when I became an International  Technical
                 Instructor for IBM, travelling the world,  teaching SAA CUA  and  Software Usability.

1988          The X-Open Group in Boston documents MOTIF, which is the same GUI  as IBM’s CUA,

                    for all UNIX based applications and operating systems.

                    OSF/Motif is a result of OSF's Request for Technology (RFT) process. The original

                      RFT, issued in July 1988, solicited input from the worldwide computer industry for

                     graphical user interface technology.          As a mandatory requirement, all technologies had

                     to be based on the MIT 'X' Window System.(TM)

1989          Xerox STAR emerges.   Largest problem is a marketig force that did not understand and

                 Could not sell STAR - - -  They understood  copiers  ~   not p.c.     
                 In the meantime, MS keeps gaining strength and growing

1993          Microsoft finally publishes the GUI for WINDOWS, which it now considers an operating

                   System  (even thou, when all else fails,  one can go back to the C:  and type in DOS commands)

                    This  is  6  years  after  myself and others at IBM,  published the first GUI documentation  in 1987.
                     The  MS  Book   looked   quite  allot  like  the  IBM  book...      imagine that .. .. .. ..

1993          The ISO organization in Switzerland implements ISO 9241, in all of its 18 sections to document

                  One constant and consistent GUI interface regardless of operating system!!!!   
                   A loud cheer was  heard around the world from the Human Factors organization who had been working diligently
                  since 1986 to get this to happen.

1993 
    X-Open group in Boston makes the MOTIF   GUI  an IEEE Standard. 
               [Motif® is the industry standard graphical user interface,
                  ~ as defined by the IEEE 1295 specification],
                Motif is also the base graphical user interface toolkit for the Common Desktop Environment   (CDE).

1993     Where is STAR  and  OS/2   and  OS/2  WARP - - - ?

1999     Are we ready yet to implement industry standards that have been documented and approved since 1987 ???

2013       Are we ready yet to implement industry standards that have been documented and approved since 1987 ???

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